Perfil epidemiológico y parasitosis intestinales en tres comunidades atendidas por organización no gubernamental, Tegucigalpa, Honduras / Epidemiologic profile and intestinal parasitism in three communities served by non-governmental organization, Tegucigalpa, Honduras

Antecedentes: Alternativas y Oportunidades (AyO), Organización No Gubernamental (ONG) sin fines de lucro ha ofrecido programas educativos durante 32 años en mercados capitalinos y comunidades de escasos recursos de Tegucigalpa y Comayagüela. Objetivos: Determinar las características epidemiológicas y la frecuencia de parásitos intestinales de la población en tres sitios beneficiarios de AyO. Participantes y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal de mayo a octubre 2019. Previo consentimiento/ asentimiento informados, se obtuvo datos sociodemográficos y epidemiológicos por encuesta en voluntarios de 0-49 años que proveyeron una muestra fresca de heces, examinada en el laboratorio por métodos directo, Kato-Katz, Baermann, coloración ácido resistente modificada y prueba inmunoantigénica ELISA. Resultados: Se encontró que en total 147 participantes era pobre, tenía trabajo informal mal remunerado, casas de adobe, madera, bloque o ladrillo; 92.5% (136) tenía letrina o inodoro, 97.2% (142) quemaba la basura o era recogida por camiones y 72.6% (106) compraba agua. La frecuencia de parásitos intestinales fue 3.4% (5) infección por helmintos, 62.5% (92) infecciones por protozoos comensales y dos especies patógenas: Giardia duodenalis 15.0% (22) y Cyclospora cayetanensis 2.0% (3). Blastocystis spp. 52.3% (77) y protozoos comensales Endolimax nana 36.7% (54), Entamoeba coli 32.6% (48) y Entamoeba hartmanni 23.2% (34), fueron los más frecuentes; 6.1% (9), tenía quistes de Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar. La prueba inmunoenzimática de ELISA detectó 16.1% (19/118) infecciones por Giardia y ninguna infección por Cryptosporidium. Discusión: Promoción en higiene (WASH) y uso de filtros para agua de consumo es información importante que AyO debe promover al educar comunidades en salud...(AU)

Heridas neoplásicas: aspectos básicos del cuidado de enfermería / Neoplastic wounds: basic aspects of nursing care

Las heridas neoplásicas están relacionadas con el tumor y requieren un abordaje especial y más cuidadoso por los diferentes factores asociados con el cáncer. Se pueden encontrar problemas de difícil manejo como mal olor, exudado, sangrado, dolor, infección, apariencia visual que causa baja autoestima y aislamiento social que conlleva a un marcado deterioro de la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus familias. Objetivo: determinar cuáles son los aspectos básicos del cuidado de enfermería en heridas neoplásicas. Materiales y métodos: esta revisión documental analiza la epidemiología, clasificación, instrumentos de valoración y las intervenciones de cuidado actual que el profesional de enfermería debe tener al brindar el cuidado a estos pacientes. Conclusión: se requiere un equipo multidisciplinario para el manejo de las heridas neoplásicas. Se deben identificar los problemas o necesidades, acorde con esto se diseñará un plan de manejo personalizado y se evaluarán las intervenciones generando un impacto positivo en el estilo de vida actual y futuro del paciente...

Neoplastic wounds are related to an underlying tumor and require specific and more careful care compared with other patients, due to the various factors associated with cancer. They are characterized by distressing issues such as fetid odor, exudate, bleeding, pain, infection, and bodily disfigurement which cause impaired self-esteem, social isolation and significantly impaired quality of life of patients and their family. Objective: to determine the basic aspects of neoplastic wounds nursing care. Materials and Methods: the documental review conducted in this study entails the epidemiology, classification and evaluating instruments, and the interventions that nurses must currently provide to these patients. Conclusion: a multidisciplinary team is essential to manage neoplastic wounds. Issues and needs must be identified to design a personalized management plan and interventions must be evaluated aiming to generate a positive impact on the life style of the patient...

Sex work among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Bogotá.

This qualitative study examined sex work among internally displaced male and transgender female sex workers in Bogotá, Colombia. Internal displacement has occurred in Colombia as a result of decades of conflict among armed groups and has created large-scale migration from rural to urban areas. Informed by the polymorphous model of sex work, which posits that contextual conditions shape the experience of sex work, we examined three main research questions. The first dealt with how internal displacement was related to the initiation of sex work; the second concerned the effect of agency on sex worker satisfaction; and the third examined how sex work in this context was related to HIV and other risks. Life history interviews were conducted with 26 displaced individuals who had done sex work: 14 were men who have sex with men and 12 were transgender women (natal males). Findings revealed that many participants began doing sex work in the period immediately after displacement, because of a lack of money, housing, and social support. HIV risk was greater during this time due to limited knowledge of HIV and inexperience negotiating safer sex with clients. Other findings indicated that sex workers who exerted more control and choice in the circumstances of their work reported greater satisfaction. In addition, we found that although many sex workers insisted on condom use with clients, several noted that they would sometimes have unprotected sex for additional money. Specific characteristics affecting the experience of sex work among the transgender women were also discussed.

Armed conflict, homonegativity and forced internal displacement: implications for HIV among Colombian gay, bisexual and transgender individuals.

Colombia has endured six decades of civil unrest, population displacement and violence. We examined the relationships between contextual conditions, displacement and HIV among gay, bisexual and transgender individuals in Bogotá, Colombia. A total of 19 key informants provided information about internal displacement of sexual minorities. Life-history interviews were conducted with 42 participants aged 18 to 48 years and included questions about displacement experiences, sexual behaviour, life prior to displacement and participants' economic and social situation in Bogotá. The interplay of a variety of factors - including internal conflict and violence, homonegativity and 'social cleansing', gender and sexual identity and poverty - strongly shaped the varied experiences of displacement. Migration, sexual violence, exchange sex and low rates of HIV testing were risk factors that increased vulnerability for HIV in this displaced sample. Although displacement and HIV in Colombia are major problems, both are understudied.

Diabetes and Healthy Eyes Toolkit: a community health worker program to prevent vision loss and blindness among people with diabetes.

Diabetic eye disease is a leading cause of vision loss and blindness in the United States and disproportionately affects Hispanics/Latinos. This article provides an overview of the Diabetes and Healthy Eyes Toolkit, a culturally and linguistically appropriate resource designed for community health workers to educate people with diabetes about eye health complications. The toolkit provides science-based, easy-to-understand information that can be used to conduct interactive, educational sessions about diabetes and eye health, the importance of comprehensive dilated eye examinations at least once a year for people with diabetes, and other ways to prevent vision loss and blindness.

Knowledge of diabetic eye disease and vision care guidelines among Hispanic individuals in Baltimore with and without diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To determine gaps in knowledge and barriers to care for diabetic eye disease in Hispanic individuals in Baltimore, Maryland. METHODS: Interviews with a random sample of self-reported Hispanic individuals (n = 349), and a convenience sample of Hispanic individuals with diabetes (n = 204). Four groups were constructed: without diabetes, with and without a family history of diabetes, newly diagnosed with diabetes, and diagnosed with diabetes more than 1 year before the study. RESULTS: Less than 10% of participants preferred reading in English; 50% reported having providers who do not speak Spanish as a barrier to care. Knowledge of eye disease as a consequence of diabetes was reported by 18% of nondiabetic participants with no family history, 29% of nondiabetic participants with a family history, 36% of newly diagnosed diabetic patients, and 52% of participants diagnosed with diabetes more than 1 year before the study. Only 16%, 28%, 13%, and 34%, respectively, knew that strict control could prevent eye problems, and 33%, 51%, 31%, and 48%, respectively, knew that dilated eye examinations were important. A total of 30% of diabetic participants had had an eye examination in the previous year. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the ocular complications of diabetes is low. The frequency of eye examinations among Hispanic individuals with diabetes is less than the national average for Hispanic individuals. Culturally appropriate health education and innovations to reduce barriers to eye care are needed.

Sedacción ¿Qué es?, ¿Quién debe administrarla? / Sedaction What is, Who musth administer it?

La sedación es un procedimiento que se ha vuelto muy común en nuestro medio, se aplica en oficinas, consultorios y salas quirúrgicas, sin embargo, los riesgos implícitos en la aplicación de esta técnica anestésica parece ser obviados por muchos, quienes se lanzan a la odisea de sedar pacientes sin las condiciones de soporte y monitoreo necesarias para un adecuado transcurrir, o bien, en caso de una eventualidad. Es por ello que se describen las condiciones técnicas y profesionales mínimas para la adecuada administración de una sedación. Descriptores: Sedación, monitoreo, técnicas, valoración.